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In the effort to achieve national development targets, the Indonesian government established a measurable baseline to evaluate the progress and independence of villages across the archipelago. Permendesa PDTT Number 2 of 2016 regarding the Village Development Index (IDM) is the definitive instrument for implementing a Sustainable Village Development Framework. Launched to support the goal of alleviating 5,000 disadvantaged villages and increasing “Independent Villages” by at least 2,000, the IDM serves as a precision tool for Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation.
The Conceptual Framework of IDM
The IDM is built on the premise that for a village to become advanced and independent, it requires a framework where social, economic, and ecological aspects act as mutually reinforcing strengths. These three dimensions ensure that development is not only about physical infrastructure but also about human capability and environmental sustainability.
The Three Pillars of IDM:
- Social Resilience (IKS): Covers sub-dimensions such as education, health, social capital, and housing.
- Economic Resilience (IKE): Formed by economic diversity, access to credit/banking, transportation infrastructure, and access to trade centers and services.
- Ecological Resilience (IKL): Focuses on environmental quality (water, soil, air) and the management of natural disaster risks such as floods, landslides, and forest fires.
Calculation and Formulation
According to Permendesa 2/2016, the IDM is a composite index derived from the average of the three resilience indices. The higher the score (on a scale of 0 to 1), the more positive the status of the village.
Mathematical Formula:
$$IDM = \frac{1}{3} (IKS + IKE + IKL)$$
Where:
- IDM: Indeks Desa Membangun
- IKS: Social Resilience Index
- IKE: Economic Resilience Index
- IKL: Environmental (Ecological) Resilience Index
Classification of Village Status
To facilitate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation, the regulation classifies villages into five distinct statuses based on their IDM scores:
- Independent Village (Desa Mandiri): IDM Score > 0.8155. Advanced villages capable of sustainable growth and maximum welfare.
- Advanced Village (Desa Maju): 0.7072 < IDM ≤ 0.8155. Possess resources and the capacity to manage them for quality of life improvement.
- Developing Village (Desa Berkembang): 0.5989 < IDM ≤ 0.7072. Potential to become advanced but resources are not yet optimally managed.
- Disadvantaged Village (Desa Tertinggal): 0.4907 < IDM ≤ 0.5989. Possess resources but struggle with various forms of poverty and management capacity.
- Very Disadvantaged Village (Desa Sangat Tertinggal): IDM Score ≤ 0.4907. Experience vulnerability due to disasters, economic shocks, or social conflict.
Conclusion: Baseline for National Strategy
In conclusion, Permendesa PDTT Number 2 of 2016 is the definitive instrument for a Sustainable Village Development Framework and Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation. It transitions village development from a series of “guesswork” projects into a data-driven science. By understanding their current status (baseline), villages and stakeholders can accurately target interventions to improve social, economic, and ecological resilience.
Visit the Village Regulations page for official access.
